bossu



P. BOSSU.

VOLTAGE CONTROLLINGv MECHANISM.

APPLICATION FILEu SEPT. 2a, 1918.-

1 ,$96,552. Patented Nov. 8, 1921 SHEET 1.

sHEETs- VOLTAGE CONTROLLING MECHANISM.

APPLCTION FILED SEPT.28, 1918.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

` Patented Nov. 8, 1921.

tion.

` the voltage by means of a resistance, not,`

orrice.

PIERRE IBQSSU, 0F HIE'UIiLY-SUR-SEINE, FRANCE, ASSJIGNOB, T'O SOCIETEANONYME @mit ETABLESSEMENTS L. BLERIOT, 0F PARIS, FRANCE.

VOLTAGE-CONTROLLING MEOHAN ISM.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 8, i921.

Application filed September 28, 1918. Serial No. 256,102.

To all 'whom may concern.'

'I VBe it known that I, Pinnen Bossu, citizen of the French Republic,residing at Neuilly sur-Seine, Department of Seine, France, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Voltage-ControllingMecha'- nisms, of which the following is a specifica- This vinventionrelates to voltage controlling mechanism for electric installations andis particularly applicable to dynamos or inst'allations adapted tooperate at a constant voltage.

It is known that in regulatlng mechanism of the above kind use has beenmade, hither to of quick-acting regulators, that is to say, regulatorswinch insure the regulation or however. by cutting in, into the circuitto be controlled, a greater or smaller portion of the total resistance.out by interealating in the said circuit the total resistance for alonger 'or shorter time interval. These quick-acting regula *ors whilepresenting the advantage of a great rapidity of action thereby avoidingany accident, such as any variation of the voltage, even in the case ofa very great instability, have nevertheless the defect that theircontacts are subject to rapid wear.

l For the same purpose, use has also beef` made of slow-act1ngregulators, that 1s to l say, regulators insuring the regulation byinterposing in the circuit for a more or less permanent period, asmaller or less greater portion of the total resistance. Theseslowacting vregulators offer on the one hand the advantage that they donot necessitate, as in the case ot quick-acting regulators, a frequentrefitting ot' their contacts, but on the other hand present the drawbackof acting in a relatively slow manner which in certain i cases is liabledetrimentally `to affect the stato rise, the said quick-acting regulatoris operative only during the time necessary for the slow-actingregulator to exercise its wntrol. It desired use may be made in the samemechanism of a second quick-acting regulator arranged so as to act onlyfor a voltage slightly lower than that olf/thc requisite constantvoltage and when the tension tends to fall, to be operative only againduring the timerequisite for thefslow acting regulator to insure theregulation.

In addition to this chief characteristic the invention comprises certainotherprovisions hereinafter more fully referred to.

The accompanying drawings show, by

way et example, certain embodiments of theI invention. x i Figures 1 to3 represent three diagrams oi"l regulating mechanism arranged .accordingto this invention, and l In Fig. l` is represented diagrammatically aconstructional development of an im# interposed in the circuit of theshunt inductor winding of the dynamo a are, 1n series, three regulatingresistances c, d, e.

The two terminals of the resistance c are connected to the two-contactsof a quickacting lower regulator' f, so arranged 'as to insure theengagement of the said contacts and, consequently, the short-oircuitingof the resistance c for any Value of the voltage below E-el which issomewhat lower than E and the separation of the said contacts for anyvoltage above said voltage E-e1. lnother words, the attraction and thereleasing of the armature of said quick-acting regulator f takes placeat the same voltage lil-e1, owing to the exact compensation of theelectro-magnet as regards the effect on its magnetic reluctance, due tothe movements of its armature.

l,The resistance Z is constituted by a cer-- tain number .of elementaryresistances arranged so that. they may be out in or out of the circuitsuccessively by a slow-acting regulator y] controlled by preference insuoli manner that it operates between the lower regulator, said lowerlimit being comprised between said E-e? and E, and an upper limit of avoltage E-le which is slightly' higher than E.

Finally, the terminals of the resistance e' are connected to the twocontacts of a quickacting`upper regulator h. arranged so as to insurethe separation of its regulating contacts, and, consequently, thecutting in of the resistance e for any voltage values above E-l-e5 whichis somewhat higher than the upper limit of the 'slow-acting regulatordesignated above by E+e4. The engagement of the said regulating contactsand consequently the short circuiting ofthe said resistance e takesplace for any voltage value below lil-#65; In' other words, theattraction and the releasing of the upper quickacting regulator takesplace at practically thev same voltage which is always above the uppervoltage limit of the slow-acting regulator.

Accordingly, as long as the voltage remains substantiallyconstant, thatis to say,

remains between the upper and lower voltage llmits of the slow-acting`regulator (which maybe chosen as close to one another as desired) andbeyond which the quick-acting regulators commence to be operative, theregulation is insured by the slow-acting'regulator alone; but as soon asthe voltage rlses above the upper limit o r falls below the lowervoltage limit of the slow acting regulator, one-of the quicloactingregulators becomes operative, maintaining the voltage at the. valuecorresponding to the said lim-it and opposing any extreme riseor fall ofthe voltage up to. the moment at which the slow-acting regulator, havinghad time to act, restores the voltage to the value E. In an arrangementof this kind it is preferable that the above explained Well proportioneddifference of voltage for which the different regulators are operativeshould remain constant, or at least remain in a mutually constantrelation in order to avoid that at a given moment, in consequence of aspontaneous effect of a variation of temperature or barometriepressure., the lslowacting regulator would not need t0 enter into theregulation at all, when one of the quick-acting regulators would, byitself, as-

sure the regulation between the limits embracing the limits of functionof the acting regulator.

For this purpose of reliablev relations between the different regulatingvoltage limits, use is made by preference of quick and slowactingregulators having eleotromagnets compensated both as regards variationsor slowreluctance of the magnetic circuit due to the movement ot thearmature, and as regards variations of temperature, external orincontacts.

Lacasse ternal and as regards the'modifying elect of the ohmieresistance of changes in barometric 'or atmospheric pressure.

For example, as shown in Fig. 4, use is made of two quick-actingregulators f and h I having full' compensation or almost fullcompensation of their electro-magnets, this being favorable conditlonfora proper vibration of the armature. The armature of the lowerquick-acting regulator f is attracted for a predetermined voltage Ears',

this corresponding with the openingv of the. The armature is releasedfor thi` same voltage E-c (or a very slightly lower -L voltage).Thearmature of the upperquickacting regulator k is attracted for a pti`determined voltage Fri-e5, for the opening of the contacts, and isreleased for they same volt-age (or a very slightly lower voltage),owing to a full or almost full-compensation.

The slow acting regulator g has two comg pensation magnets g and g2, ofwhich thel magnet g (termed the lower controlling electro-magnet) is socalculated that its armature `t'or the constantlvolta'ge value or for aslightly lower voltage, and is released for thelower voltage limit ofthe slow regulator, `namely E-e2. age limit is in all cases slightlylower than that for which the armature is attracted, because in thiscase full compensation is not desirable. The other compensation magnetThis voltg2 (termed upper controlling electro-magnot) is so calculatedthat its armature is attracted for the upper voltage limit E- of theslow regulator, said Aupper'limit being slightly above the voltage E.The armature of this magnet is released either .for the volt7 age E orfor a very slightl greater voltage than E, termed Ef-ca. `here is nofull compensation obtained for g2 'so' that forfg there is a differencebetween the voltage of attraction and the voltage of release. Com binedwith these two upper and lower controlling electro-magnets is ananchor'gs the Shanks of which are provided with twg` hooks g3? and gw' so thattheyma act, one in one sense and the other in anot ersense` on a ratchetwheel g4 having; two sets of oppositely inclined'teeth. This ratchetwheel is integral with a brush g wi ing on a circular commutator d1connecte the different elements of the resistance d. The anchor g3 is soarranged as toreceive continuously an oscillating movement, for exampleby an eccentric g", and it.is' .under the influence of the upper andlower con-' trolling electro-magnets g1, g2 so that if the to which arearmature of the electro-magnet g1 alone is attracted (as shown) neitherof the pawls 573, gm can engage with the ratchet wheel g4, while whenthe armatures of both magnets are in attracted position, the hook g .isfree to act on the ratchet, and when both armatures are released, theratchet wheel may be influenced by the hook gm". lt will be understoodthat no vibratory action is desirable for actuation of these hooks, so

that incomplete compensation of the controlling electro-magnets thereof,and which Will cause definite movements of their armatures, ispreferable.

Assuming for the sake of a more concrete example, that the voltage E tobe maintained constant is H2110 V., that the voltage for which thearmature of the quick-acting lower regulator is attracted, as Well asreleased (due to its full compensation) is E-e1:'109,8 V., the voltagefor the release.

of the armature of the lower controlling electro-magnet g1 isE-e2:1()9,9 and for its attraction due to its voluntary incompletecompensation, a higher voltage, for instance P12110 V that the armatureof the upper controlling electro-magnet g2 is released by a voltage verylittle above E211() V. for example, by E-i-e3:110,1 V., and

attracted for a higher voltage due to its voluntary incompletecompensation, termed voltage E+-e4:11(),2 V.; and that the armature ofthe quick-acting upper regulator it .is attracted and released for thesame somewhat higher voltageE-l-ezllO V., then the arrangement Willoperate as follows: F or the normal voltage of 110 V. the parts areinoperative, that is to say, the resistance c is cut in as a result ofthe attraction of the armature of the quick-acting regulator f, theanphor g3 is out of .engagement `vvith the ratchet Wheel gt, since onlythe armature of the electro-magnet g1 of the slowacting regulator is inattraction. Now, in the event of the voltage falling slowly, the magnetg1 releases its armature, 40 and the hook 9300 is caused to engage withthe'teeth of the ratchet Wheel g4, rotating the latter so as to reducethe number of elements of the resistance l interposed in' the circuit.The voltage is therefore restored to its normal value, because the speedat which the resistances are Withdrawn from the circuit is suiiicientfor a relatively slowr variation. As soon as the voltage has reached itsnormal value, the armature of the electro-magnet (/1 is attracted, thepaWl 930 is disengaged from the ratchet, and all parts return to aposition Vof rest. lf the tension drops quickly and the speed of theregulation of the slow-acting regulator is not suilicient to `catch upor to follow such variation, the voltage may drop suiiiciently (down to109,8 V.) to cause the lower quick-acting regulator f to come intoaction, and the latter in short-oircuiting the resistance c prevents thevoltage from falling below that value. rlhis quick-acting regulator fcontinues to exert its influence until the moment at Which theslow-acting regulator has corrected the voltage so that, from thatmoment, the quick-acting regulator. f

maintains its armature in the attracted position, as according to itspeculiar voltage-limit arrangement, it cannot itself restore the voltageup to 110 V. while the slow-acting regulator does so. Thus the wearofthe sparking contacts becomes negligible. f

1f the voltage rises slowly, thc upper controlling` electromagnet g2attracts its armature with the result that the hook g3 engages With theratchet g4, and rotates the latter in order to augment the number ofelements of the resistances d in the circuit, so that the voltage isrestored to its normal value since the speed with which the resistancesare added to the circuit, is sufficient for a relatively slowvariation.'

AAs soon as the voltage has reached its normal value, the armature ofthe upper .controlling electromagnet g2 is released, the hook (/50 isdisengaged from the ratchet g4 and all parts resume their position ofrest.

Finally, if thevoltage rises rapidly and the controlling speed of theslow-acting regulator is insuiiicient to catch up or to follovv thevariation, the voltage may rise suliiciently (up to E-l-c5 110.3 V.) tocause the quick-acting upper regulator a, to become operative, and bycutting in the resistance 6,-to prevent the voltage from rising abovesaid value. As owing toits arrangement the quick-acting regulator' hcannot itself restore thetension to 110 V. it continues to act onlyuntil near the moment at which the slow-acting regulator continuing` tooperate, has corrected the voltage, so'that thev quick-acting upperregulator maintains its armature in the released position, and,consequently,-is no longer operative.

A controlling mechanism of this kind will insure the regulation asquickly as a regulating device comprising simply a quickacting regulatorwith this advantage, hoW- ever, that in the improved arrangement theWear on the contacts of the quick acting regulators will be little felt,owing to the fact that on the one hand the quick-acting regulators actsolely for the purpose of correcting the occasionalextremely rapidrising or falling of voltage, carrying the same to the extreme voltagelimits of the quickacting regulators which are outside the reach of theslow-,acting regulator, and on the other hand because the resistances to-loe short-circuited by them will he less consider/- able than in thecase of only a single quickacting regulator, so that the sparks at thecontacts will be less destructive.

Moreover, a mechanism of this kind may, with advantage, be utilized inconnection with dynamos of greatly unstable reactions in their Working,particularly Where they are not stabilized by a battery of accumulators.Obviously, the invention is not to be held"4 limited to any of thespecific arrangements 130 hereinbefore more particularly described forit is capable, without departing from .its chief characteristics, ofnumerous modications, for instance.

v'As shown in Fig. 2, the resistance@ may be combined with theresistance d, or constituted, by a portion of the resistance d, or bythe total resistance el;

or, as illustrated in Fig. 3, the three resistances c, d, e may becombined into one, in which case the resistances c and e may beconstituted either by a portion of the resistance (Z or by the totalresistance d;

or the quick-acting regulator j may be dispensed with, where the fallo1Ll the voltage below the lower limit does not, in' reality, presentany danger.

I claim as my invention rr l. A controlling mechanism for maintainingconstant voltage in an electric circuit comprising in combination, aslow-acting regulator operative to introduce a variable controllingresistance progressively into such circuit, and quick-actingr regulatorscoperative with said slow-acting regulator and,

operative only during the time necessary for `the slow-acting regulatorto exercise its 'maintained and control.

,2. A controlling mechanism as described in claim l, wherein one of thequick-acting regulators is operative only when the voltage exceedsslightly the value of the voltage to be maintained constant and suchvoltage tends to rise, and wherein the other quicio acting regulator isoperative only for a volt age slightly lower than the voltage to be suchvoltage tends to fall.

3. A controlling mechanism as described in claim l which comprises aslow acting regulator which acts on the voltage by means the controllingresistance of which is a rheostat the sections of which are cut in andout out by its action, and separate le and cut out by sections of whichare cut in and cut out of the circuit to influence the voltage," and twoseparate resistances, which are cut in and cut out by the upper andlower quick acting regulators.

5. A controlling` mechanism as described in claim l, comprisingarmaturesfor the electro-magnets which are compensated for the effects ofvariations in the magnetic reiuctancewhich occurs through theirmovements, thus insuring exact response of the controllingelectro-magnets and proper vibration of the quicleacting regulators.

6. A controlling mechanism as described in claim l, wherein theelectrodnagnets of the quick-acting 'regulators are fully compensatedfor the effects of variations in the magnetic reluctance due to themovements of their armatures so that their armatures are fully attractedor fully released practically at `the same voltage and their vibrationfacilitated, and the controlling electro magnets of the slow actingregulator are incompletely compensated for the effects "of variations inthe magnetic reluctance due to the movements of their armatures so thatAtheir releasing voltage is below their attract` p ing voltage, whereby'such latter electromagnets have a non-vibratory and positive action. g

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence ci' twosubscribing witnesses.

Pinnen Bossu.

